How are you?
Following the last week, I am going to
start my 66th lecture.
The topic for this week is “Metal”, the
fifth theme of “The History of Rock”.
This lecture is a summary of the
contents of “66. History of Rock Music: 5. Metal” introduced on October 29,
2016.
Heavy metal, or Metal, is a genre of rock music that
developed mainly in the United States and Britain between the late 1960s and
the early 1970s. Most critics refer to Led Zeppelin, Deep Purple, or Black
Sabbath as the first heavy metal band, but some refer to Iron Butterfly,
Steppenwolf, or Blue Cheer as the first heavy metal band.
Iron Butterfly
In the mid-1970s, punk rock appeared and gained
popularity in response to the social atmosphere at the time, but in the late
1970s, as the popularity of punk rock gradually declined and new wave music
began to gain popularity, new heavy metal bands appeared and this phenomenon is
called the “New Wave of British Heavy Metal (NWOBHM).”
The bands included in
the NWOBHM are Iron Maiden, Saxon and Def Leppard, and Heavy Metal regained
popularity in the early 1980s due to the NWOBHM and the album “British Steel”
by Judas Priest released in 1980.
Iron Maiden
Album "British Steel", Judas Priest (1980)
By the mid-1980s, Glam Metal gained enormous
popularity, and the new bands such as Warrant, Poison and Cinderella at the
time were important bands in this field.
Warrant
In the 1980s, various sub-genres of heavy metal were
developed outside of the commercial mainstream. The representative sub-genres
are Thrash metal, Death metal, Black metal, Power metal, Doom metal and Gothic
metal.
Thrash metal was born in the United States in the early
1980s under the influence of hardcore punk and NWOBHM, especially speed metal.
The sound is faster and more aggressive than existing metal and glam metal
bands, and the lyrics deal with social issues or nihilism. Metallica, Anthrax,
Megadeth, and Slayer are called "Big Four of Thrash Metal."
Anthrax
Thrash metal was developed and divided into more extreme
metal genres, one of which is Death metal. Venom, one of the NWOBHM bands, is
also one of the important pioneers of Death metal, introducing and emphasizing
elements of blasphemy and demonism.
Venom
Black metal originated in Europe between the early and
mid-1980s, and Venom, Mercyful Fate, Hellhammer, Celtic Frost and Bathory are
representative bands. The vocals using screaming and growling, guitars with
increased distortion, fast tremolo peaking frequently used and dark mood are
emphasized and topics dealing with demonism are common.
Celtic Frost
Power metal gained popularity in the late 1980s due to
the backlash against Death metal and Black metal. It is centered around upbeat
and epic melodies and themes, and the prototype of this sound is Helloween, a
German band in the mid and late 1980s.
Helloween
Doom Metal originated in the mid-1980s, and its major
bands include Saint Vitus, The Obsessed, Trouble and Candlemass. It is
characterized by making the music slow enough to crawl in contrast to speed
emphasis of other metals. Doom Metal can find its roots in the early Black
Sabbath in terms of the subject of the lyrics and approach to music.
Saint Vitus
Gothic metal is a fusion genre that mixes Gothic rock of
dark mood and heavy metal of heaviness, and applied Gothic elements to various
styles of heavy metal. It was born in Europe with its origin in the formation
of Death-Doom Metal, a fusion of Death Metal and Doom Metal. The lyrics are
usually dark and self-reflecting, inspired by personal experiences and Gothic
novels. The pioneers of Gothic metal are Paradise Lost, My Dying Bride and
Anathema.
My Dying Bride
You can also review this lecture from
following media.
Next week, I will lecture 6th topic “Alternative
Rock”.
Thank you.
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