ARTIST OF THE WEEK: 61. Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, ACJ Art Academy

 

Born: 29 August 1780; Montauban, France

Died: January 14, 1867; Paris, France

Nationality: French

Art Movement: Neoclassicism, Orientalism

Field: painting, drawing

Influenced by: Nicolas Poussin, Jacques-Louis David, Raphael

Influenced on: Théodore Chassériau, Jean-Hippolyte Flandrin, Henri Lehmann, Eugène Emmanuel Amaury-Duval, Edgar Degas, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Henri Matisse, Pablo Picasso

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres was a French Neoclassical painter. Deeply influenced by past artistic traditions, Ingres aspired to become the guardian of academic orthodoxy against the ascendant Romantic style. Although he regarded himself as a painter of history in the tradition of Nicolas Poussin and Jacques-Louis David, it is his portraits that are recognized as his greatest legacy. Regarded as an important pioneer of modern art for his expressive distortions of form and space, he influenced Picasso, Matisse and other modernists.

Ingres, who studied in the studio of David, debuted at his Salon in 1802 and won the Prix de Rome for his painting "The Ambassadors of Agamemnon in the tent of Achilles.” By the time he left for Rome in 1806, his style, showing his close study of Italian and Flemish Renaissance masters, changed little for the rest of his life. 

The Ambassadors of Agamemnon in the tent of Achilles,
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres (1801)

He worked in Rome and Florence from 1806 to 1824, regularly sending his paintings to the Paris Salon, but was criticized by critics who evaluated his style as bizarre and archaic. In 1824, when his Raphaelesque painting, "The Vow of Louis XIII", was praised, he was finally recognized at the Salon, and again in 1833 with his “Portrait of Monsieur Bertin" reaped popular success. 

The Vow of Louis XIII, Jean-Auguste-
Dominique Ingres (1824)

Portrait of Monsieur Bertin, Jean-Auguste-
Dominique Ingres (1832)

The following year, however, his ambitious work, “The Martyrdom of Saint Symphorian,” was severely criticized and it caused him to return to Italy, and then he returned to Paris in 1841 to spend the rest of his life. 

The Martyrdom of Saint Symphorian,
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres (1834)

In his later years, he painted new versions of his early works, a series of designs for stained-glass windows, several important portraits of women, and “The Turkish Bath”, the last of his several female nude paintings showing Orientalism.

The Turkish Bath, Jean-Auguste-Dominique
Ingres (1852–59, modified in 1862)

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ARTIST OF THE WEEK: 53. Giorgio Vasari, ACJ Art Academy

 

 

Born: July 30, 1511; Arezzo, Tuscany, Italy 

Died: June 27, 1574; Florence, Italy 

Nationality: Italian

Art Movement: Renaissance, Mannerism (Late Renaissance)

Field: painting, architecture

Influenced by: Guglielmo da Marsiglia, Michelangelo, Raphael

Influenced on: Sebastiano Flori, Bartolomeo Carducci, Mirabello Cavalori, Stefano Veltroni, Alessandro Fortori

Giorgio Vasari was an Italian painter, architect, writer, and historian, born on July 30, 1511 and died on June 27, 1574. 

As a historian, he is most famous for his book "Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects", which is evaluated as the ideological foundation of art-historical literature. He was also the first to use the term "Renaissance" in his book.

Lives of the Most Excellent Painters,
Sculptors, and Architects

Vasari was born in Arezzo, Tuscany, Italy. As a child, he became a pupil of Guglielmo da Marsiglia, a skillful stained glass painter, recommended by his cousin Luca Signorelli. 

Testament and Death of Moses,
Luca Signorelli and Bartolomeo della Gatta (c.1482)

At the age of 16, he was sent to Florence by Cardinal Silvio Passerini, and joined the circle of Andrea del Sarto and his pupils Rosso Fiorentino and Jacopo Pontormo.

Madonna of the Harpies,
Andrea del Sarto (1517)

Marriage of the Virgin,
Rosso Fiorentino (1523)

Joseph in Egypt, Jacopo Pontormo (1515-1518)

In 1529, he visited Rome where he studied the works of Raphael and other artists of the Roman High Renaissance. 

Sistine Madonna, Raphael (1512)

In 1547, he completed frescoes in the hall of the Palazzo della Cancelleria in Rome. He was continuously employed by members of the Medici family in Florence and Rome, and worked in places, including Naples and Arezzo. 

Palazzo della Cancelleria

Many of his paintings still exist, and his works in the Sala di Cosimo in the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence are the most important of his wall and ceiling paintings. In Rome, he also painted frescoes in the Sala Regia in Vatican.

Ceiling decoration, Giorgio Vasari, Palazzo Vecchio,
Florence (1556-58)

Pope Gregory XI returns to Rome from Avignon,
Giorgio Vasari, Sala Regia (Vatican) (1572-73)

Vasari has earned a high reputation throughout his life and made a considerable fortune. In 1547, he built his own house in Arezzo, now a museum in honor of him, and decorated its walls and vaults with paintings. 

Vasari House Museum, Arezzo

He was also elected to the municipal council of his native town and finally rose to gonfaloniere, and the Pope awarded him Knight of the Golden Spur. He married Niccolosa Bacci, who was a member of one of Arezzo's richest and most prominent families.

Giorgio Vasari with his wife Niccolosa Bacci,
Giorgio Vasari (c.1565)

In 1563, he helped establish the Florentine Accademia e Compagnia delle Arti del Disegno, where Grand Duke and Michelangelo were selected as representatives of the institution, and 36 artists were selected as members of the institution.

Accademia delle Arti del Disegno, Florence

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