How are you?
Following the last week, I am going to
start my 53rd lecture.
I had conducted music lectures at Art
Collage JANG in Seoul, South Korea every Saturday from March 2015 to December
2017. I am going to introduce the lecture by
the lecture’s order every Saturday.
The 9th theme of “The history of Jazz”
I will introduce this week is “Hard bop”. It is a summary of the contents of
“53rd ACJ Music Academy, The history of Jazz: 9. Hard bop”, which was
introduced on July 2, 2016.
“Hard bop” is a sub-genre of jazz that is in an extension of “Bebop.” In
terms of timeline, it can be
said that Bebop was formed before 1945, “Cool Jazz” was formed from 1950, and then
Hard bop was formed between 1954 and 55.
If we compare Bebop and Hard bop,
first of all, Hard bop is less 'abstract' than Bebop and it can be said to be
more easily accessible to the public than Bebop.
Until the mid-1950s after the
end of World War II, the music led by blacks were jazz, gospel, and urban
blues, and Hard bop was embodied under the influence of these black music. At
the time, Gospel and Urban Blues had stronger beats than jazz, and in the
mid-1950s at New York's club “Birdland,” many jazz musicians began to introduce
these beats to jazz, and accordingly the term Hard bop gradually became popular
among the musicians. Eventually, Bebop was naturally replaced by Hard bop.
Birdland
Drummer Art Blakey had a great influence on the formation of Hard bop. He
has been working with many musicians who have played a pivotal role in Bebop
and since the mid-1950s, he has been active, officially advocating Hard bop.
Art Blakey
However, in terms of little difference between Bebop and Hard bop in the solo
of musical instruments other than drums, many scholars simply evaluate the
practical difference between Bebop and Hard bop with a time gap. In general,
around this time, clubs in New York left Harlem and began moving to Greenwich
Village, north of Harlem.
Some of the most famous musicians in this generation
are Sonny Rollins, John Coltrane, Clifford Brown, Horace Silver, Art Blakey and
Wes Montgomery, and Art Blakey and Horace Silver were recognized as the top
leaders of Hard Bop among them.
Horace Silver
Hard Bop divided the jazz world with “Cool Jazz” until the concept of
“Fusion Jazz” was introduced between the late 1960s and early 1970s.
After
performing with many musicians, Art Blakey formed his own band, "The Jazz
Messengers," and performed many activities until the old age. Horace
Silver, who was a member of Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers, showed a performance
that matched the concept of Hard Bop with his unique piano playing technique.
That is, in general, the piano is based on the performance of rhythm and chord
progression, and the solo part is also focusing on melody progression, but
Horace Silver introduced the concept of ‘percussion instrument' to the piano.
Hard Bop undergoes another change in the 1960s. It was influenced by various musical flows, and ultimately its meaning was expanded very broadly, creating complex lines of musicians.
Sonny Rollins
Clifford Brown
John Coltrane
Wes Montgomery
You can also review this lecture from
following media.
Next week, I will introduce you “Free
Jazz” as the 10th theme of “The history of Jazz” lectures.
Thank you.
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